Food allergies

Photo courtesy of US Dept of Agriculture

Approximately 5% of children and 1% of adults in Australia suffer from some form of food allergies. The reactions range from very mild to severe. As the reduction in figures from child to adult indicates, it is quite common for children to grow out of allergies to particular foods over time.

Allergic reactions to food are increasing and there are a number of theories as to why, but none that have been scientifically proven. These include: the proposition that increased hygiene levels have meant less exposure to infections and therefore increased risk of allergy; and, the timing of the introduction of highly allergenic foods - such as eggs, peanuts and tree nuts - to babies.

Most children with allergies to milk, soy, wheat or eggs will grow out of these - often by the time they reach school age. However, reactions to peanuts, tree nuts, seeds and seafood are usually lifelong and need to be correctly managed.

Food intolerances are more common than allergies but the symptoms are usually less severe. Intolerances are often caused by dairy products, additives, and specific fruits (such as strawberries, tomatoes and some citrus fruit).

Symptoms of allergy

These vary but typically include: stomach pains, diarrhoea, vomiting, swelling and hives. Anaphylaxis is the most severe reaction and this affects the breathing and circulatory system and, if untreated, can be fatal.

Common allergans

Eggs, millk, peanuts, tree nuts, seafood, sesame, soy, fish and wheat.

Managing allergies

The most important aspect of managing any allergy is to identify and avoid the allergan. In the event of a reaction occuring the symptoms need to be recognised and treated. In school-aged children the risk of an allergic reaction must be correctly communicated to the school, along with advice on the appropriate care of the child in the event of a reaction. This may involve provision of an Epipen or other medical equipment as needed.

If you think your child has grown out of their allergy it is essential to have an assessment by a medical professional. Do not test at home to try to determine whether they are still allergic.

Photo courtesy Fabio Bruna

The team at nestling.

Reference: Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy